衰老相关的肿瘤转移机制研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-9198.2025.08.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着全球人口老龄化的加剧,老年群体中癌症的发病率和死亡率持续上升。肿瘤转移是影响癌症预后的主要原因之一,与年轻病人相比,老年病人的肿瘤转移过程受到衰老相关生物学变化的显著影响。本文综述了衰老对肿瘤转移机制的多方面影响,包括上皮-间质转化、血管老化、免疫衰老、细胞外基质重塑和代谢衰老等方面。上皮-间质转化在癌细胞转移中起关键作用,衰老相关分泌表型会促进此转化,增强肿瘤细胞的侵袭性;血管老化削弱了血管结构,使癌细胞更易穿透;免疫系统的老化则降低了抗肿瘤免疫监视能力,增加了转移风险;细胞外基质的重塑和代谢衰老为肿瘤细胞的生长和扩散提供了适宜环境。深入理解这些机制有助于优化针对老年癌症病人的个性化治疗策略,并为抗衰老干预在癌症防治中的应用提供理论依据。

关键词: 衰老, 肿瘤转移, 上皮-间质转化, 血管老化, 免疫衰老, 细胞外基质重塑, 代谢衰老

Abstract: As the global population is aging, the incidence and mortality of cancer in the elderly population continue to increase. Tumor metastasis is one of the major influencing factor of cancer prognosis, and the process of tumor metastasis in the elderly patients is significantly affected by aging-related biological changes compared with younger patients. This paper analyzes the effects of aging on the mechanisms of tumor metastasis, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, vascular aging, immune senescence, extracellular matrix remodeling and metabolic senescence. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition plays a key role in cancer cell metastasis, and aging-associated secretory phenotype promotes this transition and enhances tumor cell invasiveness. Vascular aging weakens vascular structure and makes it easier for cancer cells to penetrate. Aging of the immune system reduces anti-tumor immune surveillance capacity and increases metastatic risk. Remodeling of the extracellular matrix and metabolic senescence provide suitable environments for the growth and spread of tumor cells. In-depth understanding of these mechanisms can help optimize personalized therapeutic strategies for elderly patients with cancer and provide a theoretical basis for the application of anti-aging interventions in cancer control and prevention.

Key words: aging, tumor metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, vascular aging, immune senescence, extracellular matrix remodeling, metabolic senescence

中图分类号:

R73-37

陈佳宇, 任斌辉. 衰老相关的肿瘤转移机制研究进展[J]. 实用老年医学, 2025, 39(8): 851-856.

CHEN Jiayu, REN Binhui. Advance of the mechanism of aging-related tumor metastasis[J]. Practical Geriatrics, 2025, 39(8): 851-856.

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