阿尔茨海默病免疫治疗新进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-9198.2026.05.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着人口老龄化的加剧,AD作为最常见的神经退行性疾病,全球发病率持续攀升,对社会经济以及国民健康的威胁越来越受到人们重视。随着仑卡奈单抗和多奈单抗的免疫生物制剂在AD中的运用,原本缺乏有效的疾病修饰药物的AD治疗获得了新的生机和活力,免疫疗法也成为AD治疗的热点方向。本文旨在总结国内外AD的新型免疫治疗研究进展,重点阐述靶向β-淀粉样蛋白的免疫策略、抗tau蛋白疗法、免疫调节与神经炎症干预3个方面,并分析老年人中枢和外周的免疫特征,对AD免疫治疗提出新的展望。

关键词: 阿尔茨海默病, 免疫治疗, 神经炎症, β-淀粉样蛋白, tau蛋白

Abstract: With the acceleration of global population aging, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, has witnessed a continuous rise in incidence worldwide, posing an increasingly severe threat to socio-economic development and public health. The recent clinical application of immunobiological agents—particularly lecanemab and donanemab—has introduced renewed therapeutic prospects for AD, a condition previously lacking effective disease-modifying treatments. Consequently, immunotherapy has emerged as a focal point in AD therapeutic research. This review aims to summarize recent advances in novel immunotherapeutic strategies for AD, with emphasis on three critical areas: amyloid-beta (Aβ)-targeted immunotherapy, anti-tau protein therapeutics, and immunomodulatory combined with interventions targeting neuroinflammation. Following an analysis of the distinct immunological characteristics of the central and peripheral systems in elderly individuals, we propose future perspectives for the development of immunotherapeutic approaches in AD.

Key words: Alzheimer’s disease, immunotherapy, neuroinflammation, amyloid β-protein, tau protein

中图分类号:

R 749.16

周婷帆, 黄天文. 阿尔茨海默病免疫治疗新进展[J]. 实用老年医学, 2026, 40(5): 445-450.

ZHOU Tingfan, HUANG Tianwen. Advances in immunotherapy for Alzheimer’s disease[J]. Practical Geriatrics, 2026, 40(5): 445-450.

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