仑卡奈单抗治疗阿尔茨海默病的研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-9198.2026.05.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： AD是导致认知下降和功能障碍的主要神经退行性疾病之一,其病程长,隐匿性强,亟需疾病修饰治疗(disease-modifying therapy, DMT)。仑卡奈单抗是一种针对可溶性β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)寡聚体及原纤维的单克隆抗体,是首批获得国际监管机构批准用于早期AD治疗的DMT之一。近年来国内外基于临床试验、延长期研究以及多个真实世界队列的累积证据,使其疗效与安全性得到更清晰的认识。本综述系统总结仑卡奈单抗的药理特性、关键临床证据、生物标志物改善特征、不良反应特点及管理策略,结合中国真实世界数据特点探讨其在我国临床实践中的推广意义,并围绕当前研究争议与前沿动态展望未来发展方向,为老年认知障碍的规范化管理提供参考。

关键词: 仑卡奈单抗, 阿尔茨海默病, β-淀粉样蛋白, 生物标志物, 疾病修饰性疗法, 真实世界研究

Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline and functional impairment. Its prolonged and insidious progression highlights the urgent need for effective disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). Lecanemab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively targets soluble amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers and protofibrils, is among the first DMTs approved by international regulatory agencies for the treatment of early-stage AD. In recent years, accumulating evidences from randomized clinical trials, long-term extension studies, and multiple real-world cohorts have provided a clearer understanding of its efficacy and safety. This review summarizes the pharmacological characteristics of lecanemab, key clinical findings, biomarker responses, adverse event profiles, and management strategies. Furthermore, drawing on emerging real-world data from China, we discuss its potential implications for clinical practice and explore future directions by addressing current research controversies and cutting-edge advancements to support the standardized management of cognitive impairment in older adults.

Key words: lecanemab, Alzheimer’s disease, β-amyloid, biomarker, disease-modifying therapy, real-world study

中图分类号:

R 749.16

周俊娅, 周佳悦, 李汶逸, 赵敏, 边立衡, 徐俊. 仑卡奈单抗治疗阿尔茨海默病的研究进展[J]. 实用老年医学, 2026, 40(5): 451-456.

ZHOU Junya, ZHOU Jiayue, LI Wenyi, ZHAO Min, BIAN Liheng, XU Jun. Research progress of lecanemab in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease[J]. Practical Geriatrics, 2026, 40(5): 451-456.

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