单细胞转录组测序在阿尔茨海默病中的研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-9198.2025.08.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要： AD是老年病人常见的神经退行性疾病之一,其特征是病人认知能力逐渐下降和病变神经元的累积。随着人口老龄化进程加剧,AD的发病率逐年升高,深入探讨其发病机制有助于发现潜在预测与治疗靶点。单细胞转录组测序(single-cell RNA sequencing,scRNA-seq)是一种新兴的高通量测序(next-generation sequencing, NGS)技术。它针对单个细胞的RNA进行测序,能够准确测出单个细胞的基因表达谱,从而分析相同表型细胞的异质性,克服传统混合细胞测序仅能检测细胞群体平均转录响应的固有缺陷,为研究AD带来了新思路。本文总结了sCRNA-seq的方法和应用,阐述了该技术在研究AD发病机制、开发靶向治疗药物中的潜在应用价值。

关键词: 阿尔茨海默病, 单细胞转录组测序, 细胞异质性, 神经元

Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the prevalent neurodegenerative diseases in the elderly patients, characterized by progressive cognitive decline and the accumulation of lesioned neurons. With the aging of the population, the incidence of AD is increasing year by year, and in-depth exploration of its pathogenesis can help to identify potential predictive and therapeutic targets. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is an emerging next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology that enables high-resolution profiling of gene expression at the single cell level. This approach overcomes the inherent limitations of traditional bulk RNA sequencing, which only captures averaged transcriptional responses across heterogeneous cell populations. By dissecting cellular heterogeneity among phenotypically similar cells,scRNA-seq provides novel insights into AD pathogenesis. This paper summarizes the methodologies and applications of scRNA-seq, and describes the potential application value in unraveling the pathogenesis of AD and developing therapeutic target drugs.

Key words: Alzheimer’s disease, single-cell RNA sequencing, cellular heterogeneity, neurons

中图分类号:

R742

钟艺, 冯悦, 张鑫龙, 丁瑞, 斯妍娜. 单细胞转录组测序在阿尔茨海默病中的研究进展[J]. 实用老年医学, 2025, 39(8): 857-861.

ZHONG Yi, FENG Yue, ZHANG Xinlong, DING Rui, SI Yanna. Research progress in single-cell RNA sequencing for Alzheimer’s disease[J]. Practical Geriatrics, 2025, 39(8): 857-861.

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