Abstract: Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a crucial effector complex of the innate immune system and has recently been recognized as playing a key role in regulating bone homeostasis. Bone homeostasis relies on the delicate coordination of osteoclastic and osteoblastic processes, and its imbalance constitutes a major pathophysiological basis for metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis. This review focuses on the structural features and activation mechanisms of the NLRP3 inflammasome, systematically examining its functional roles in osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and other bone-associated cells, such as chondrocytes, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and macrophages. Furthermore, this paper explores research progress and challenges regarding its potential as a therapeutic target for metabolic bone disorders. Deepening our understanding of NLRP3 inflammasome regulation in bone homeostasis may provide novel theoretical foundations and targeted strategies for preventing and treating diseases like osteoporosis.

Key words: NLRP3 inflammasome, bone homeostasis, bone resorption, bone formation, skeletal diseases