Table of Content

20 February 2026, Volume 40 Issue 2 Previous Issue   

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Research progress on drug targets for age-related hearing loss JIN Jingjing, GU Qiuli, LEI Jaiwei, WANG Jiahe 2026, 40 (2):  111-115.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-9198.2026.02.002 Abstract ( 50 )   PDF (1052KB) ( 38 )   Save Age-related hearing loss (ARHL), also known as presbycusis, is one of the most prevalent chronic degenerative diseases worldwide, seriously affecting the quality of life and mental health of the elderly. However, there are currently no effective preventive or therapeutic drugs in clinical practice. This review systematically summarizes the latest research progress on potential drug targets from the perspective of three core mechanisms underlying the occurrence and development of ARHL: oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and chronic inflammation. Finally, it proposes that although drugs developed based on these targets have demonstrated potential efficacy in protecting the cochlea and delaying hearing loss in preclinical studies, there are still limitations such as most experimental models being divorced from the natural human aging process, low efficiency in targeted drug delivery to the cochlea, and insufficient validation of the long-term safety of candidate drugs and their efficacy in the elderly physiological environment.     References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on drug targets for Alzheimer’s disease-related cognitive impairment SUN Yang, GUO Ying 2026, 40 (2):  116-120.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-9198.2026.02.003 Abstract ( 49 )   PDF (1172KB) ( 43 )   Save Recent studies have found that cognitive impairment caused by Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may result from multiple mechanisms acting in concert. This article summaries the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment related to AD, including the β-amyloid hypothesis, Tau protein hypothesis, neuroinflammation hypothesis, synaptic injury, neuronal dysfunction, and neuroplasticity changes, as well as the APOE gene. And further explores the possible origins of the disease and related drug therapeutic targets. Finally, this paper proposes that future efforts need to comprehensively integrate the different pathogenic mechanisms of AD, and a multi-target therapeutic model may be a new direction for the prevention and treatment of AD-related cognitive impairment.     References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on drug targets for sleep disorders in the elderly LI Jiachun, YAN Li, LIU Jiye, SUN Weimin 2026, 40 (2):  121-125.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-9198.2026.02.004 Abstract ( 41 )   PDF (1181KB) ( 40 )   Save Sleep disorders (SD) have emerged as a significant health challenge in the elderly due to their high prevalence and complex comorbidity with various geriatric syndromes. However, the application of traditional sedative-hypnotic drugs in the population presents significant limitations. This paper explores the influencing factors of SD in the elderly from an epidemiological perspective, while also reviews research progress on drug targets for SD related to neurotransmitter receptors, melatonin receptors, protease receptors, and cytokines. Finally, it proposes that future research should further leverage genetic testing and artificial intelligence technologies to address comorbidity-mediated cross-interactions among drug targets, accelerate the clinical translation of novel multi-target drugs, deepen the understanding of synergistic mechanisms between non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions, and ultimately construct a more precise prevention and treatment system for SD that aligns with the physiological characteristics of the elderly.     References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the mechanism of lncRNA AL133415.1 in regulating vimentin gene expression in SH-SY5Y cells CHENG Yi, ZOU Ting, LI Lihua, ZHANG Lei, ZHOU Xiaohui 2026, 40 (2):  126-131.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-9198.2026.02.005 Abstract ( 40 )   PDF (2170KB) ( 39 )   Save Objective To investigate the effects of long non-coding RNA AL133415.1 (lncRNA AL133415.1) on cell viability, neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress, and further explore its role in the molecular mechanism of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods Amyloid β-protein (Aβ)1-42-induced SH-SY5Y cells were selected to establish an AD cell model. The lncRNA AL133415.1 gene was regulated by plasmid transfection technology. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of lncRNA AL133415.1 and vimentin (VIM) gene in cells. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) method was used to detect the proliferation rate of cells. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis. DCFH-DA fluorescence assay was used to detect the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in SH-SY5Y cells. Western Blot was used to detect the expression of VIM protein in the cells. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to detect the fluorescence intensity of VIM protein. Results The viability of SH-SY5Y cells was increased and their apoptosis rate was reduced in the lncRNA AL133415.1 inhibition group, while the viability of SH-SY5Y cells was significantly decreased and their apoptosis rate was increased in the lncRNA AL133415.1 overexpression group (all P<0.01). Down-regulation of lncRNA AL133415.1 expression could increase the intracellular SOD activity, while up-regulation would lead to a decrease in intracellular SOD activity; Down-regulation of lncRNA AL133415.1 expression could reduce the intracellular MDA and ROS activities, while up-regulation could increase the intracellular MDA and ROS activities (all P<0.05). Inhibition of lncRNA AL133415.1 expression could promote the expression of VIM gene, while overexpression would inhibit the expression of VIM gene (P<0.001). Conclusions Silencing of lncRNA AL133415.1 can promote the expression of VIM gene, while overexpression can inhibit the expression of VIM gene, which suggests that the expression of VIM gene can be indirectly regulated by regulating lncRNA AL133415.1, thereby reducing the incidence of AD.     References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect analysis of etomidate combined with low dose esketamine in anesthesia induction of total hip arthroplasty in elderly patients LIU Beili, CHEN Yonghong, YE Shuai, ZHANG Bin, XIA Qing, SONG Bingyan, ZHU Junyong, JI Hongxia, WU Juan, MENG Qi, XU Xiachi 2026, 40 (2):  132-135.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-9198.2026.02.006 Abstract ( 50 )   PDF (1154KB) ( 50 )   Save Objective To analyze the effect of etomidate combined with low dose esketamine in anesthesia induction in the elderly patients undergoing total hip replacement. Methods A total of 85 elderly patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty at Affiliated Nantong Hospital Of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong) from April 2021 to March 2024 were prospectively selected. According to the anesthesia methods, they were divided into an observation group (44 cases, receiving etomidate 0.2 mg/kg, sufentanil 0.4 μg/kg, and esketamine 0.2 mg/kg during anesthesia induction) and a control group (41 cases, receiving etomidate 0.2 mg/kg, sufentanil 0.4 μg/kg, and an equal volume of normal saline instead of esketamine during anesthesia induction). The hemodynamics, blood pressure levels, postoperative pain degrees, adverse reactions and complications during anesthesia induction were compared between the two groups. Results At the time of 3 minutes (T1) and 5 minutes (T2) after anesthesia induction, the mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in both groups were significantly lower than those before anesthesia induction (P<0.05), but the levels of these indicators in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). At T2, the levels of MAP, HR, SBP and DBP in both groups increased significantly compared to those at T1 (P<0.05). The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores 12 and 24 hours after operation were significantly lower than those 2 hours after operation in both groups (P<0.05). Twenty-four hours after operation, the VAS scores of both groups were lower than those 12 hours after operation(P<0.05). The VAS scores of the observation group 2, 12, and 24 hours after operation were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). There were no differences in the incidence rates of hypertension, tachycardia, muscle spasm and bradycardia between the two groups (P>0.05), and the incidence rates of hypotension and cough in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions Etomidate combined with low-dose esketamine has a definite analgesic effect in elderly patients undergoing total hip replacement, which can reduce postoperative pain, maintain stable intraoperative hemodynamics, stable blood pressure, and reduce the risk of cough and hypotension.     References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical characteristics and prognosis analysis of elderly patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis and positive antinuclear antibodies LU Fengyun, ZHANG Qian, WANG Yanyan, LIU Rui 2026, 40 (2):  136-141.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-9198.2026.02.007 Abstract ( 49 )   PDF (1158KB) ( 36 )   Save Objective To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of elderly patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) who were positive for antinuclear antibodies (ANA). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 99 AAV patients aged over 60 years admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University from May 2009 to May 2025. Based on ANA test results, the patients were divided into ANA-negative group and ANA-positive group. Baseline characteristics, laboratory parameters, renal pathology, and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to compare the cumulative renal survival rates between the two groups, and the Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in AAV patients. Results The mean age of the 99 elderly AAV patients was (70.9±5.9) years, the follow-up time was 16.0 (6.0, 44.3) months, and the ANA-positive rate was 42.4%(42/99). Compared with the ANA-negative group, the ANA-positive group had a higher proportion of females, hypertension, and hyperuricemia; higher levels of serum IgG, IgA, uric acid (UA), urea, and creatinine; higher incidence rates of progression to ESRD at 1 and 5 years; and a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and all these differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Renal biopsy pathology characteristics showed increased intensity of IgG deposition in the ANA-positive group (P=0.035). Survival analysis showed that the cumulative renal survival rate was significantly lower in the ANA-positive group (P=0.014). Cox regression analysis indicated that ANA positivity was a risk factor for progression to ESRD in the elderly AAV patients (HR=2.84, 95%CI: 1.16-6.98, P=0.023). Conclusions ANA positivity is a potential marker for aggravated renal injury and increased risk of ESRD in the elderly AAV patients. Therefore, ANA-positive elderly AAV patients need more intensive renal follow-up.     References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Predictive value of HALP score on the onset of frailty in the elderly patients with ischemic stroke WANG Kun, XIE Jun 2026, 40 (2):  142-146.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-9198.2026.02.008 Abstract ( 37 )   PDF (1114KB) ( 49 )   Save Objective To explore the predictive effects of hemoglobin-albumin-lymphocyte-platelet (HALP) score on the onset of frailty in the elderly patients with ischemic stroke. Methods A total of 257 elderly patients with ischemic stroke were enrolled from Department of General Practice, Hefei Second People’s Hospital from January 2019 to December 2024. The baseline characteristics were collected and HALP score was calculated. After 90 days of follow-up, Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI) was applied to evaluate the status of frailty, and Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was applied to evaluate the recovery of neurological function of the patients. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between HALP score and frailty onset (TFI≥5) and poor prognosis (mRS≥3) in the elderly patients with ischemic stroke. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to analyze the predictive effects of HALP score on the onset of frailty in the elderly patients with ischemic stroke. Results Ninety days after follow-up, there were 119 patients (43.6%) suffering from frailty and 130 patients (50.6%) had poor prognosis. ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal cut-off value of HALP score predicting frailty was 44.5 with a sensitivity of 87.8% and a specificity of 81.5% (the area under ROC curve was 0.869, P<0.001). Univariate regression analysis showed that malnutrition, platelet count, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, albumin level, hemoglobin level, lymphocyte count, and HALP score were risk factors of frailty in the elderly patients with ischemic stroke; while male, platelet count, C-reactive protein, NIHSS score, and HALP score were risk factors of poor prognosis in the elderly patients with ischemic stroke. Further multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that after adjusting for these confounders, low HALP score (<44.5) remained a significant risk factor for frailty (adjusted OR=25.08, 95%CI:10.39-60.53, P<0.001) and for poor prognosis (adjusted OR=2.39, 95%CI:1.37-4.19, P=0.002) in the elderly patients with ischemic stroke. Conclusions Low HALP score (<44.5) is associated with the risk of frailty and poor prognosis in the elderly patients with ischemic stroke. HALP score might serve as a novel potential biomarker for the prediction of frailty onset in the elderly patients with ischemic stroke.     References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation between frailty development trajectories and cognitive function in elderly patients with chronic diseases and polypharmacy HAN Shuang, HE Gang 2026, 40 (2):  147-153.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-9198.2026.02.009 Abstract ( 50 )   PDF (1199KB) ( 49 )   Save Objective To explore the changes in frailty symptoms and cognitive function in the elderly patients with chronic diseases and polypharmacy, and to analyze the correlation between them. Methods The clinical data of 110 elderly patients with polypharmacy and chronic diseases who were treated in Zunyi First People’s Hospital from August 2023 to February 2024 were collected. On the day of the visit (T1), 6 months after the visit (T2), and 12 months after the visit (T3), Fried Frailty Phenotype (FFP) scale and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were used to assess the frailty symptoms and cognitive function in the patients. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation of frailty symptoms between the different time points. Mplus 8.3 software was used to construct a latent variable growth curve model (LGCM) to explore the development trajectory of frailty symptoms. According to the trajectory characteristics, 110 patients were divided into stable frailty group (n=58), slow frailty group (n=32) and rapid frailty group (n=20). The general characteristics of different trajectory categories were compared, and the score of MMSE among different trajectory groups at each time point was analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA. The correlations between frailty development trajectories and cognitive function were analyzed by multiple linear regression. Results The correlations of FFP scores between different time points in enrolled patients were all statistically significant (P<0.001), and FFP score at T3 was higher than that at T2 and T1 (P<0.05); The initial mean level of FFP was 1.543, and the differences among individuals were statistically significant (P<0.001). Frailty symptoms showed an overall increasing trend from T1 to T3, and the differences in rates of change among individuals were statistically significant (P<0.001). There were significant differences among the three trajectories in terms of age, body mass index, types of medication used, and types of diseases (P<0.01). Repeated measures ANOVA revealed that MMSE scores in the stable frailty group showed no significant changes from T1 to T3 (P>0.05). However, the slow frailty group and the rapid frailty group had significantly lower MMSE scores than the stable frailty group at all time points (P<0.01). Furthermore, the rate of decline in MMSE scores was significantly faster in the rapid frailty group compared to the slow frailty group (P<0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that, adjusting for variables or not, the risk of cognitive decline was higher in the slow frailty group and the rapid frailty group compared to the stable frailty group. Conclusions The frailty symptoms of elderly patients with chronic diseases and polypharmacy showed an increasing trend over time, and the frailty trajectory is heterogeneous, which is obviously related to cognitive function. Clinically, it is necessary to formulate personalized intervention strategies for patients with different frailty trajectories and strengthen the monitoring and management of frailty and cognitive function in elderly patients with chronic diseases and polypharmacy.     References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the median effective dose and adverse effects of methylene blue combined with ropivacaine for fascia iliaca compartment block in postoperative analgesia in elderly patients undergoing hip arthroplasty ZHANG Yang, YANG Shun, LU Ziru, SHA Lili 2026, 40 (2):  154-158.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-9198.2026.02.010 Abstract ( 42 )   PDF (1184KB) ( 36 )   Save Objective To determine the median effective dose (ED50) and 95% effective dose (ED95) of methylene blue as an adjuvant to ropivacaine in elderly patients undergoing fascia iliaca compartment block for postoperative 24-hour effective analgesia without affecting lower limb muscle strength after hip replacement surgery, and to observe adverse reactions within 24 hours postoperatively. Methods A total of 29 patients scheduled for elective total hip arthroplasty in Taizhou Jiangyan Hospital of TCM from July to November 2024 were enrolled. Prior to general anesthesia induction, an ultrasound-guided fascia iliaca compartment block was performed using 30 mL of 0.25% ropivacaine combined with varying doses of methylene blue. The first patient received 40 mg of methylene blue, and subsequent doses were adjusted using Dixon’s up-and-down sequential method. If a patient achieved quadriceps muscle strength ≥4, resting VAS score ≤1, and movement VAS score ≤3 within 24 hours, the next patient received a lower dose; otherwise, the dose was increased. The study terminated after seven crossover points. Probit regression analysis was used to calculate the ED50, ED95, and their 95% confidence intervals. Adverse reactions within 24 hours postoperatively were recorded. Results The ED50 of methylene blue combined with ropivacaine for effective analgesia without motor block was 6.956 mg (95%CI:18.929-32.231 mg), and the ED95 was 0.070 mg (95%CI: 33.878-84.708 mg). Two patients required additional analgesics, both occurring at doses below the ED50. Only one case (20 mg methylene blue) experienced lower limb weakness preventing ambulation. No falls due to muscle weakness occurred. None of the patients developed nerve injury, puncture-site infection, drug toxicity, or other nerve block-related complications. Conclusions The ED50 of methylene blue combined with ropivacaine for postoperative analgesia via fascia iliaca compartment block in elderly hip arthroplasty was 26.956 mg, with an ED95 of 40.070 mg. Importantly, the addition of methylene blue did not potentiate the motor-blocking risk of ropivacaine, while maintaining a favorable safety profile with low incidence of postoperative adverse effects.     References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Impact of artificial intelligence-assisted multi-cognitive domain training on elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial among community-dwelling elderly individuals ZHONG Hailong, ZHONG Changzheng, ZHONG Qiong, WANG Kuiyuan, GUO Yanyan, HU Jianhua 2026, 40 (2):  159-163.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-9198.2026.02.011 Abstract ( 36 )   PDF (1078KB) ( 42 )   Save Objective To explore the effects of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted multi-cognitive domain training on community elderly with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted. A total of 100 community-dwelling older adults diagnosed with MCI and visiting the outpatient clinic of the Third People’s Hospital of Ganzhou between January 2024 and February 2025 were enrolled and randomly assigned in a 1∶1 ratio to either a control group (n=50) or an experimental group (n=50). The control group received conventional cognitive intervention, while the experimental group received AI-assisted multi-cognitive domain training. Both interventions lasted for 12 weeks. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE); Neuropsychiatric symptoms were evaluated with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI); And activities of daily living were measured by the modified Barthel Index (MBI) at baseline, the 8th week, and the 12th week of the intervention. Results There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, gender, years of education, marital status, or use of Alzheimer’s disease medication (all P>0.05). Repeated-measures ANONA showed that, at the 8th and 12th week of the intervention, both groups demonstrated significant improvements in the scores of MoCA, MMSE, NPI, and MBI compared to baseline, especially in the experimental group (all P<0.05). Conclusions AI-assisted multi-cognitive domain training can effectively improve cognitive function, alleviate neuropsychiatric symptoms, and enhance activities of daily living among community elderly with MCI, demonstrating favorable intervention efficacy and potential for broader application.     References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of amide proton transfer magnetic resonance imaging in early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease LUO Jing, ZHANG Yufeng, GAO Xiaolong, GU Guojun 2026, 40 (2):  164-168.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-9198.2026.02.012 Abstract ( 37 )   PDF (1532KB) ( 45 )   Save Objective To explore the application value of amide proton transfer (APT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods A total of 22 AD patients (AD group), 25 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI group), and 20 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (NC group) were prospectively enrolled. All subjects underwent routine cranial MRI structural imaging and hippocampal APT imaging. The amide proton (3.5 ppm) asymmetry magnetization transfer rate (MTRasym) of bilateral hippocampi and temporal cortices was measured on oblique axial APT images. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare MTRasym(3.5 ppm) among the three groups. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was administered to all subjects, and partial correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between hippocampal MTRasym(3.5 ppm) and MMSE score, with age and educational duration as control variables. Results The level of MTRasym(3.5 ppm) of bilateral hippocampi increased sequentially in the NC, MCI, and AD groups: left hippocampus 0.84±0.26, 1.12±0.24, 1.56±0.31 (F=15.463, P＜0.001), right hippocampus 0.86±0.17, 1.16±0.26, 1.51±0.21 (F=17.221, P＜0.001). No significant interhemispheric differences of MTRasym(3.5 ppm) of bilateral hippocampi and temporal cortex were observed within each group (P＞0.05). No significant differences in bilateral temporal cortex MTRasym(3.5 ppm) were found among the three groups (P＞0.05). MTRasym(3.5 ppm) of bilateral hippocampi were negatively correlated with MMSE scores (left: r=-0.627, P＜0.001; right: r=-0.614, P＜0.001). Conclusions APT imaging can quantify hippocampal metabolic abnormalities, and its MTRasym(3.5 ppm) is significantly correlated with AD progression and cognitive function, demonstrating clinical value for early AD diagnosis and disease monitoring.     References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Predictive study of lymph node metastasis in elderly patients with superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma CAO Yaolin, HUANG Yuming, YANG Jinpeng, WANG Wei, ZHOU Yue, LI Menglan 2026, 40 (2):  169-173.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-9198.2026.02.013 Abstract ( 39 )   PDF (1671KB) ( 36 )   Save Objective To develop and validate a predictive model for lymph node metastasis (LNM) risk in elderly patients with superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SESC) using clinicopathological variables. Methods The clinical data of 539 SESC patients aged >65 years undergoing curative esophagectomy in Jiangsu Province Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The patients from January 2010 to September 2014 were enrolled in training group(n=366), and the patients from December 2014 to September 2016 were enrolled in validation group(n=173). Multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to identify the independent risk factors for LNM in training group.A nomogram model was established for predicting LNM risk and validated in validation group. Results In training group,53 patients presented with LNM, compared with 30 cases in validation group. The independent risk factors for LNM included larger tumor size,poor tumor differentiation,deeper invasion depth,presence of angiolymphatic invasion.The model got a good performance with the area of the curve of 0.80 (95%CI: 0.74-0.86) in training cohort,and 0.81 (95%CI: 0.72-0.90) in validation cohort. Conclusions This validated four-variable nomogram provides a clinically applicable tool for quantifying LNM risk in elderly SESC patients. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Prevalence and influencing factors of chronic kidney disease among community-dwelling individuals aged 65 and above in Nanjing HUANG Yucheng, HU Caihong, YE Qing, XU Huiqing, XU Fei, WANG Zhiyong 2026, 40 (2):  174-179.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-9198.2026.02.014 Abstract ( 41 )   PDF (1111KB) ( 53 )   Save Objective To investigate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its influencing factors among community-based elderly individuals undergoing health examinations in Nanjing. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among adults aged 65 years and older who were enrolled in the National Essential Public Health Service project in Nanjing in 2022. A total of 6000 participants were randomly selected using proportional sampling for analysis. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)<60 mL/(min·1.73 m2) calculated using the CKD-EPI equation. T-tests and chi-square tests were used to compare differences in the clinical data between the CKD group and the non-CKD group. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were employed to analyze the risk factors of CKD. Results The overall prevalence of CKD among the elderly in the community health management program in Nanjing was 10.6% (95%CI: 9.82%-11.38%). There were significant differences in age, gender, education level, blood pressure, marital status, alcohol consumption, as well as the levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) between the CKD group and the non-CKD group (all P<0.05). Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age ≥70 years, female, diabetes, hypertension, low HDL-C, high TG, and abnormal levels of BUN and total bilirubin (TBIL) were positively associated with the risk of CKD (all P<0.05). In contrast, higher education and regular alcohol consumption were negatively associated with the risk of CKD (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that age ≥70 years, female, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, high TG, low HDL-C, and abnormal levels of BUN and TBIL significantly increased the risk of CKD, while regular alcohol consumption was associated with a reduced risk. Conclusions Age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and abnormal levels of BUN and TBIL are closely associated with the occurrence of CKD in the elderly. Measures should be taken to control blood pressure, blood glucose, blood lipids, BUN, and TBIL levels in the elderly to prevent the onset and progression of CKD.     References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the pathways of enhancing and restoring lysosomal function in Alzheimer’s disease YANG Xin, SHI Shengliang 2026, 40 (2):  180-184.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-9198.2026.02.015 Abstract ( 34 )   PDF (1125KB) ( 43 )   Save Lysosomal dysfunction is an important part of the pathological mechanism of Alzheimer’s disease, and its functional repair provides a new opportunity for disease intervention. This paper systematically reviews six major strategies for restoring lysosomal function: activation and regulation of transcription factor EB, modulation of the autophagy-lysosome pathway, traditional Chinese medicine interventions, exercise therapy, application of nanomaterials, and the development of novel lysosomal enhancers. It also provides an in-depth discussion of the molecular mechanisms, model validation, and clinical translation potential. By integrating basic research and advances in translational medicine, this review aims to provide a theoretical basis and innovative direction for Alzheimer’s disease therapy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Molecular mechanisms of gut microbiota-derived metabolites in regulating skeletal muscle homeostasis and their significance for frailty SHI Haiyan, MA Yan, GUO Ruifang 2026, 40 (2):  185-190.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-9198.2026.02.016 Abstract ( 40 )   PDF (1099KB) ( 42 )   Save Frailty is a syndrome associated with aging, characterized by a decline in physiological reserve and reduced resilience to stress. Sarcopenia, a closely related degenerative condition, is characterized by age-related reductions in skeletal muscle mass and function, which severely affects the quality of life and independence of older adults. Based on the complex regulatory interactions of the gut-muscle axis, this review summarizes how gut microbiota-derived metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, amino acid derivatives, and secondary bile acids affect skeletal muscle homeostasis by regulating inflammation/immune responses, energy metabolism, endocrine signaling, and insulin sensitivity. The aim is to elucidate the pathophysiological processes of sarcopenia and provide a theoretical basis for developing novel intervention strategies.     References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in bone homeostasis regulation LIU Yanling, ZHOU Ping 2026, 40 (2):  191-195.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-9198.2026.02.017 Abstract ( 37 )   PDF (1068KB) ( 35 )   Save Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a crucial effector complex of the innate immune system and has recently been recognized as playing a key role in regulating bone homeostasis. Bone homeostasis relies on the delicate coordination of osteoclastic and osteoblastic processes, and its imbalance constitutes a major pathophysiological basis for metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis. This review focuses on the structural features and activation mechanisms of the NLRP3 inflammasome, systematically examining its functional roles in osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and other bone-associated cells, such as chondrocytes, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and macrophages. Furthermore, this paper explores research progress and challenges regarding its potential as a therapeutic target for metabolic bone disorders. Deepening our understanding of NLRP3 inflammasome regulation in bone homeostasis may provide novel theoretical foundations and targeted strategies for preventing and treating diseases like osteoporosis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in exercise interventions with different intensities for sarcopenia in the elderly LI Pengli, YUAN Yiwei, ZHANG Fangshu, XU Jingwen 2026, 40 (2):  196-200.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-9198.2026.02.018 Abstract ( 37 )   PDF (1063KB) ( 42 )   Save Sarcopenia is an age-related syndrome in the elderly, which often induces fall, fracture, weakness, cognitive impairment and other adverse prognosis, and has become an important challenge for the public health system. Exercise intervention is considered to be an effective means to prevent and treat sarcopenia, but there is still a debate about the intensity of exercise intervention. This paper summarizes the research progress of different intensity exercise interventions in elderly patients with sarcopenia, including the definition, pathogenesis and influencing factors of sarcopenia, the classification and characteristics of resistance exercise and aerobic exercise, the concept and grading of exercise intensity and its impact on muscle, and identifies that low intensity exercise has a high safety tolerance, moderate intensity exercise is a commonly used intervention method, and high intensity exercise is better in improving muscle function but has higher risk. Future research should focus on the effect of different exercise modes, intensities, frequencies, and durations on the treatment of elderly patients with sarcopenia, lay the foundation for the formulation of personalized long-term exercise programs, and provide more ideas for the formulation of exercise prescriptions for elderly patients with sarcopenia.     References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of Parkinson’s disease-related rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder HU Yue, TANG Xiaojia, XU Jun 2026, 40 (2):  201-205.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-9198.2026.02.019 Abstract ( 35 )   PDF (1067KB) ( 43 )   Save Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a common type of sleep disorders in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and significantly impacts patients’ quality of life. RBD has a high prevalence in the elderly population, and serves as a prodromal marker of neurodegenerative diseases. Compared with PD patients without RBD, PD-RBD patients may show more severe motor and non-motor symptoms, more severe autonomic dysfunction, faster disease progression, and worse prognosis. This article reviews recent advances in the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, pathophysiology, assessment, and management of PD-RBD. We recommend that it is necessary to establish a multidisciplinary evaluation system for PD-RBD, and strengthen the health management of RBD population, so as to identify and evaluate the disease as early as possible, delay the progression of the disease, and reduce the burden of PD.     References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research advances in hematologic impairments combined with respiratory viral infections in the elderly YAO Zitong, DANG Xiaoyu, FAN Haoling, ZHU Xiangyu, HUANG Jingjing, FENG Ganzhu 2026, 40 (2):  206-210.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-9198.2026.02.020 Abstract ( 35 )   PDF (1058KB) ( 45 )   Save This review systematically outlines recent advances in understanding hematological disorders combined with respiratory viral infections in the elderly. It summarizes core hematological abnormalities—including leukocyte irregularities, thrombocytopenia, anemia, and progressive coagulation dysfunction—induced by influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and SARS-CoV-2, and analyzes their relationships with immunosenescence and chronic inflammatory states. These hematologic alterations do not occur in isolation; rather, in concert with cytokine storm, they can rapidly evolve into disseminated intravascular coagulation or even trigger fatal complications such as secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Finally, it emphasizes that early and dynamic hematological monitoring should be established as a clinical priority in the management of elderly patients with respiratory viral infections. Future research should focus on elucidating the specific mechanisms of virus-immunosenescence interactions to facilitate the development of stratified management and personalized treatment strategies for the aging population.     References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cancer pain management in the elderly: insights from the NCCN Guidelines Version 2.2025 Adult Cancer Pain LYU Jiajia, ZHONG Xiaoyou, GAO Yiteng, WANG Lin, FAN Weifei 2026, 40 (2):  211-216.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-9198.2026.02.021 Abstract ( 37 )   PDF (1079KB) ( 42 )   Save With the aging population, cancer pain has become a major factor affecting the quality of life of elderly patients with cancer. This article analyzes the latest updates of the 2025 National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Adult Cancer Pain Guidelines. It uses the core cancer pain management process (assessment, intervention, and reassessment) as the framework to discuss management principles specifically tailored for elderly patients, so as to provide reference and guidance for clinical practice.     References | Related Articles | Metrics