老年人失动的影响因素研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-9198.2024.11.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的探讨老年人失动的相关影响因素。方法收集首都医科大学宣武医院老年医学科244例≥60岁住院病人的人口统计学资料、病史、血清学指标等。采用简易体能状况(Short Physical Performance Battery, SPPB)量表评估病人的行动能力,根据SPPB评分结果分为失动组(SPPB≤9分)和正常组(SPPB>9分),分别对失动组与正常组进行认知功能、抑郁状态、营养功能及衰弱情况的评估。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析老年人失动的影响因素。结果老年人失动的患病率为24.6%(60/244)。与正常组相比,失动组年龄较大,应用3种以上处方药、合并高血压的比例较高,认知功能更差、衰弱等级更高,白蛋白、前白蛋白、ALT水平较低,D-二聚体水平较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄(OR=1.065,95%CI:1.011～1.122,P=0.017)、应用3种以上处方药(OR=3.110,95%CI:1.431～6.760,P=0.004)和衰弱等级(OR=1.709,95%CI:1.243～2.350,P=0.001)是老年人失动的独立影响因素。结论年龄、应用3种以上处方药、衰弱等级是失动的影响因素,针对相关因素制定干预方案可为防治失动、减少不良结局的发生提供参考。

关键词: 老年人, 失动, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective To explore the influencing factors of immobility in the elderly patients. Methods The demographic information, medical history and serological indicators of 244 hospitalized patients aged ≥60 years old in Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University from May 2022 to March 2023 were collected. The elderly patients were divided into immobility group and normal group according to the score of Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) scale, and the score of SPPB ≤ 9 was diagnosed as immobility. Cognitive function, depressive state, nutritional function and frailty were assessed in two groups. Univariate analysis and multiple Logistic regression analysis were performed to explore the influencing factors of immobility in the elderly patients. Results The prevalence rate of immobility in the elderly patients was 24.6%(60/244). The results of univariate analysis showed that age, application of more than three prescribed medications, comorbid with hypertension, Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) score, frailty, the levels of albumin, prealbumin, alanine aminotransferase and D-dimer showed statistically significant differences between the two groups (P<0.05). Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR=1.065, 95%CI: 1.011-1.122, P=0.017), application of more than three prescribed medications (OR=3.110, 95%CI: 1.431-6.760, P=0.004) and frailty grade (OR=1.709, 95%CI: 1.243-2.350, P=0.001) were independent influencing factors of immobility in the elderly patients. Conclusions Age, application of more than three prescribed medications and frailty grade can influence the incidence of immobility, which informs future intervention programs for immobility.

Key words: aged, immobility, influencing factor

中图分类号:

R 592

张婉淑, 刘盼, 宋雨, 李晓珺, 李夏夏, 李耘, 马丽娜. 老年人失动的影响因素研究[J]. 实用老年医学, 2024, 38(11): 1142-1147.

ZHANG Wanshu, LIU Pan, SONG Yu, LI Xiaojun, LI Xiaxia, LI Yun, MA Lina. A cross-sectional study of the influencing factors associated with immobility in elderly patients[J]. Practical Geriatrics, 2024, 38(11): 1142-1147.

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