Abstract: Physical resilience, defined as the capacity to maintain or restore homeostasis following health stressors, has emerged as a critical component of healthy aging. Its conceptual framework is evolving from a static, trait-based description toward a dynamic, multisystem adaptive process. This review critically analyzes the existing assessment frameworks, including subjective report-based instruments and objective monitoring-driven assessment models. We further discuss key challenges in current research, including conceptual heterogeneity, limited generalizability of tools across populations, and constraints in capturing dynamic processes. Future research should focus on establishing a standardized conceptual framework, developing integrated, multi-dimensional (physiological-psychological-social) dynamic assessment systems, and promoting their translational application in clinical risk stratification and personalized interventions.

Key words: physical resilience, assessment tool, dynamic assessment, healthy aging