Abstract: Frailty is a highly prevalent clinical syndrome among the elderly population, defined by diminished physiological reserve and heightened susceptibility to stressors. This condition substantially increases the risk of falls, disability, and mortality. As a dynamic adaptive capacity enabling individuals to cope with internal and external stressors, physical resilience is closely intertwined with the onset, progression, and outcome of frailty. In this review, we systematically synthesize the conceptual dimensions of physical resilience and comprehensively dissect the physiological and pathological mechanisms through which it modulates the frailty trajectory—spanning cellular and molecular pathways, tissue and organ function, and systemic crosstalk. Building on these mechanisms, we summarize the current research evidence supporting multidimensional intervention strategies, including exercise, nutrition, and psychological interventions. The primary objective of this work is to outline future research directions and provide a theoretical foundation as well as practical implications for delaying or ameliorating frailty via enhancing physical resilience.

Key words: aged, physical resilience, frailty, intervention potential