老年重症支气管哮喘患者呼吸困难信念的潜在剖面分析及影响因素研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-9198.2026.07.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析老年重症支气管哮喘患者呼吸困难信念的潜在类别,并分析不同潜在剖面的影响因素,为实施个体化心理干预提供依据。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2024年6月至2025年6月上海长征医院收治的老年重症支气管哮喘患者作为研究对象。采用一般资料调查表、呼吸困难信念问卷、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、改良版英国医学研究委员会呼吸困难问卷进行调查。通过潜在剖面分析识别患者呼吸困难信念的潜在类别,采用多元logistic回归分析探讨其影响因素。结果共纳入306例患者,问卷有效回收率为98.37%(301/306)。潜在剖面分析显示,老年重症支气管哮喘患者的呼吸困难信念可分为3个类别:低信念组(18.9%)、中信念-回避组(40.9%)和高信念-恐惧组(40.2%)。多元logistic回归分析显示,家庭人均月收入、呼吸困难严重程度、规律体育锻炼、合并COPD、规律随诊及SAS评分是不同信念类别呼吸困难的独立影响因素。结论老年重症支气管哮喘患者的呼吸困难信念存在明显异质性,受生理、心理及社会多因素共同影响,医护人员应识别不同患者的特征差异,重点关注存在多个风险因素的患者,以制订针对性的干预措施。

关键词: 老年人, 重症支气管哮喘, 呼吸困难信念, 潜在剖面分析, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective To identify latent profiles of dyspnea beliefs in elderly patients with severe bronchial asthma and analyze the influencing factors of different latent profiles, in order to provide a basis for implementing individualized psychological interventions. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select elderly patients with severe bronchial asthma admitted to Shanghai Changzheng Hospital from June 2024 to June 2025 as the study subjects. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, the Breathlessness Beliefs Questionnaire, the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and the modified British Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale. Latent profile analysis was employed to identify potential categories of dyspnea beliefs, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors. Results A total of 306 patients were included, with an effective response rate of 98.37% (301/306). Latent profile analysis revealed that the dyspnea beliefs of elderly patients with severe bronchial asthma could be categorized into three distinct profiles: a low-beliefs group (18.9%), a moderate-beliefs-avoidance group (40.9%), and a high-beliefs-fear group (40.2%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that monthly household income per capita, dyspnea severity, regular physical exercise, combined with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, regular follow-up, and SAS score were independent influencing factors for different dyspnea belief profiles. Conclusions Dyspnea beliefs among elderly patients with severe bronchial asthma exhibit significant heterogeneity and are influenced by a combination of physiological, psychological, and social factors. Healthcare providers should recognize the characteristic differences among patients with different profiles, with a particular focus on those with multiple risk factors, to develop targeted intervention strategies.

Key words: aged, severe bronchial asthma, dyspnea beliefs, potential profile analysis, influencing factor

中图分类号:

R 562.25

蔡爱旎, 蔡聆静, 刘怡琳, 陈丽调, 洪涵涵. 老年重症支气管哮喘患者呼吸困难信念的潜在剖面分析及影响因素研究[J]. 实用老年医学, 2026, 40(7): 691-696.

CAI Aini, CAI Lingjing, LIU Yilin, CHEN Litiao, HONG Hanhan. Potential profile analysis of dyspnea beliefs in elderly patients with severe bronchial asthma and study on its influencing factors[J]. Practical Geriatrics, 2026, 40(7): 691-696.

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