老年脑卒中咳嗽功能障碍患者提高咳嗽能力的最佳证据总结

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-9198.2026.06.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的总结老年脑卒中后咳嗽功能障碍患者提高咳嗽能力的最佳证据,为临床实践提供参考和依据。方法基于“5S”证据模型,系统检索国内外数据库中关于老年脑卒中咳嗽功能障碍患者提高咳嗽能力的临床实践、指南、专家共识、证据总结及系统评价等循证证据。由2名研究人员独立进行文献筛选并评价,其中指南由4名研究人员进行评价,根据主题进行证据提取、归纳和汇总。结果共纳入文献14篇,包括临床实践4篇,指南7篇,专家共识3篇,经评价与整合,从多学科团队、咳嗽能力评估、康复干预措施、药物管理、营养管理、误吸预防、中医干预7个方面形成22条最佳证据。结论本研究提炼了当前老年脑卒中后咳嗽功能障碍患者提高咳嗽能力的最佳证据,为临床医护人员制定和实施干预措施提供了重要参考依据。

关键词: 老年人, 脑卒中, 咳嗽能力, 咳嗽功能障碍, 循证护理学, 证据总结

Abstract: Objective To search and summarize the best evidence for improving cough ability in elderly patients with post-stroke cough dysfunction, so as to provide reference for clinical practice. Methods Based on the 5S evidence model, a systematic search was conducted in domestic and international databases for clinical practices, guidelines, expert consensuses, evidence summaries, and systematic reviews related to improving coughing ability in elderly patients with post-stroke cough dysfunction. Two researchers independently screened and evaluated the literature, with four researchers evaluating the guidelines. Evidence was extracted, summarized, and consolidated according to the themes. Results A total of 14 articles were included, including 4 clinical decision practices, 7 guidelines, and 3 expert consensuses. After evaluation and integration, 22 best pieces of evidence were formed from seven aspects: multidisciplinary teams, cough ability assessment, rehabilitation intervention measures, drug management, nutritional management, aspiration prevention, and traditional Chinese medicine intervention. Conclusions This study summarizes the best evidence for improving cough ability in elderly patients with post-stroke cough dysfunction, and provides an important reference for clinical medical staff to formulate and implement intervention measures.

Key words: aged, stroke, cough ability, cough dysfunction, evidence-based nursing, evidence summary

中图分类号:

R 473.74

常梦, 朱欢欢, 马慧珍, 李瑶, 陈雁. 老年脑卒中咳嗽功能障碍患者提高咳嗽能力的最佳证据总结[J]. 实用老年医学, 2026, 40(6): 635-639.

CHANG Meng, ZHU Huanhuan, MA Huizhen, LI Yao, CHEN Yan. Summary of the best evidence for improving cough ability in elderly patients with post-stroke cough dysfunction[J]. Practical Geriatrics, 2026, 40(6): 635-639.

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