老年人内在能力轨迹的研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-9198.2026.10.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着全球人口老龄化加速,老年人健康管理正由以疾病为中心向功能维护转变。内在能力(intrinsic capacity, IC)轨迹研究可动态识别老年人能力变化模式,揭示健康老龄化过程中的个体差异。现有研究提示,老年人IC轨迹具有显著异质性,可大致归纳为持续高水平或高起点、持续中等或稳定、持续低水平或低水平下降、明显下降及改善型共5个类型;其中持续中等或稳定轨迹占比最大,改善型占比最小。持续低水平或下降的IC轨迹与失能、跌倒、住院、照护依赖、生活质量下降及死亡等不良结局密切相关,关联强度通常高于单一时点评估,提示其具有重要的风险预测与健康管理价值,可为我国老年护理及健康管理实践提供参考。

关键词: 老年人, 内在能力, 轨迹, 影响因素, 健康老龄化

Abstract: With global population aging, geriatric care is shifting from disease-centered to functional maintenance. Research on intrinsic capacity(IC) trajectories can dynamically capture patterns of capacity change and individual differences in healthy aging. Existing studies reveal five heterogeneous IC trajectories: consistently high/high starting, consistently moderate/stable, consistently low/declining, significant decline, and improving. The consistently moderate/stable trajectory is most common, while improving trajectory is rarest. Consistently low/declining trajectories are strongly associated with disability, falls, hospitalization, care dependency, reduced quality of life, and mortality, and these associations are often stronger than single time-point assessments. Thus, IC trajectories hold important value for risk prediction and health management, informing geriatric nursing practice in China.

Key words: aged, intrinsic capacity, trajectory, influencing factor, healthy aging

中图分类号:

R473.2

赵玉颖, 寇京莉, 芦尹. 老年人内在能力轨迹的研究进展[J]. 实用老年医学, 2026, 40(10): 1052-1055.

ZHAO Yuying, KOU Jingli, LU Yin. Research progress on trajectories of intrinsic capacity in older adults[J]. Practical Geriatrics, 2026, 40(10): 1052-1055.

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