社区老年人跌倒风险与老年综合征的相关性

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-9198.2021.12.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的调查社区老年人老年综合征患病情况及跌倒发生现状,并探讨跌倒相关危险因素。方法采用整群随机抽样,在太原市六大社区老年人中各选取90例,共540例。利用自行设计的《老年综合评估手册》收集老年人的一般社会人口学特征、慢性病患病情况、常见老年综合征等信息,并分析评估结果与社区老年人近2年内跌倒之间的关系。结果共纳入513例具有完整资料的社区老年人,其2年内跌倒发生率为25.1%。不同性别、年龄、患慢病种数、居住环境、疼痛程度、视力状况、营养状况、失眠状况、日常生活能力、5次起坐试验、3米起立-行走试验,以及不同焦虑、抑郁、衰弱、肥胖状态的社区老年人跌倒发生率不同(P＜0.05)。多因素结果显示,年龄[OR(95%CI)=1.856(1.123~3.068)]、肥胖[OR(95%CI)=2.772(1.349~5.695)]、严重生活功能障碍[OR(95%CI)=3.045(1.168~7.940)]、患慢病种数[OR(95%CI)=1.615(1.026~2.542)]、视力状况[OR(95%CI)=3.139(1.256~7.842)]、失眠状况(可疑失眠、失眠)[OR(95%CI)=1.900(1.055~3.421)、2.501(1.428~4.381)]是社区老年人发生跌倒的独立影响因素(P＜0.05)。结论跌倒在社区老年人中发生率较高,年龄≥70岁、肥胖、慢性病种数≥2种、日常生活能力为严重功能障碍、视力障碍影响正常生活、可疑失眠及失眠均可增加社区老年人的跌倒风险。

关键词: 老年人, 老年综合评估, 老年综合征, 慢性病, 跌倒风险, 社区

Abstract: Objective To investigate the prevalence of geriatric syndrome and the incidence of falls among the elderly in community, and to explore the related risk factors of falls. Methods Using cluster random sampling, 90 cases were selected from each of the six communities in Taiyuan. There were 540 cases included. And the subjects received the assessment of self-designed manual, including the general sociodemographic characteristics, the prevalence of chronic diseases, and the common senile syndromes. The relationship between the results of the assessment and the occurrence of falls in the community elderly in the past 2 years was analyzed. Results The incidence of falls within 2 years in 513 elderly people in the community was 25.1%. Single factor analysis showed that gender, age, number of chronic diseases, living environment, pain degree, vision status, nutritional status, insomnia status, ability of daily living, 5 sit-ups test, 3-meter rise-walking test were associated with the incidence of fall among elderly in communities (P<0.05); The results of multivariate analysis showed that age[OR(95%CI)=1.856(1.123-3.068)], obesity [OR(95%CI)=2.772(1.349-5.695)], severe disability of daily living [OR(95%CI)=3.045(1.168-7.940)], the number of chronic diseases[OR(95%CI)=1.615(1.026-2.542)], visual acuity[OR(95%CI)=3.139(1.256-7.842)], and suspicious insomnia and insomnia [OR(95%CI)=1.900(1.055-3.421), 2.501(1.428-4.381)] were the independent factors influencing the occurrence of fall in the elderly in community (P<0.05). Conclusions The incidence of fall is high in the elderly. Age≥70 years old, obesity, the number of chronic diseases≥ 2, severe dysfunction of the ability of daily living, visual impairment affecting normal life, suspicious insomnia and insomnia can increase the risk of fall in the elderly in community.

Key words: aged, comprehensive geriatric assessment, geriatric syndrome, chronic disease, fall risk, community

中图分类号:

R 592

边萌, 冯青青, 杜毓锋. 社区老年人跌倒风险与老年综合征的相关性[J]. 实用老年医学, 2021, 35(12): 1249-1253.

BIAN Meng, FENG Qing-qing, DU Yu-feng. Study on the relationship between fall risk and geriatric syndrome in community elderly[J]. Practical Geriatrics, 2021, 35(12): 1249-1253.

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