中等强度有氧运动通过促进胶原纤维增生改善衰老小鼠骨骼肌功能

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-9198.2026.09.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的比较不同强度有氧运动方案改善衰老小鼠骨骼肌功能的效果。方法将18只12～15月龄的雄性C57BL/6小鼠采用随机数表法分为空白对照组(对照组)、中等强度有氧运动组(中等强度组)、高等强度有氧运动组(高等强度组),每组6只。对照组小鼠全程笼内饲养,不参与运动干预,中等强度组、高等强度组按照既定运动方案先进行适应性训练,之后按照不同的有氧运动方案进行8周有氧运动训练。采用小鼠抓力、游泳力竭、步态分析测量各组小鼠骨骼肌运动能力的变化,采用苏木精-伊红(HE)染色、PCR及Western blot等技术检测小鼠骨骼肌纤维的分子学改变。结果干预后,中等强度组小鼠的前、后肢抓力均较干预前显著增加,游泳耐力时间延长,步行速度及摆动速度增快,摆动时长缩短,步幅长度增加(P<0.05)。高等强度组小鼠干预后前、后肢抓力有所提升,摆动时长缩短,但游泳耐力、步幅长度、步行速度及摆动速度较干预前差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预后,中等强度组前、后肢抓力,游泳耐力、步行速度及摆动时长较对照组均有显著改善,前、后肢抓力,游泳耐力、步幅长度及步行速度较高等强度组改善明显(P<0.05)。高等强度组相对于对照组仅后肢抓力有所提升,其余行为学指标均与对照组差异无统计学意义。此外,有氧运动干预后中等强度组小鼠肌纤维横截面积明显增大,排列更为均一紧密,胶原蛋白(COL) Ⅰ、COL Ⅱ及COL Ⅲ的蛋白和mRNA表达水平均较对照组和高等强度组显著提升。高等强度组COL Ⅰ、COL Ⅱ及COL Ⅲ的mRNA表达及COL Ⅰ和COL Ⅲ蛋白表达水平较对照组显著增加(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论中等强度有氧运动可以提高衰老小鼠四肢肌力,提升步态功能,促进胶原蛋白COL Ⅰ、COL Ⅱ、COL Ⅲ的表达水平,改善腓肠肌形态。高等强度有氧运动对于肌力、步态等方面的促进作用不如中等强度有氧运动。

关键词: 有氧运动, 衰老, 肌少症, 骨骼肌, 胶原纤维, 小鼠

Abstract: Objective To compare the effects of different intensities of aerobic exercise protocols on improving skeletal muscle function in aging mice. Methods Using a random number table, eighteen male C57BL/6 mice (12-15 months old) were randomly divided into three groups: the blank control group (control group), the moderate-intensity aerobic exercise group (moderate-intensity group) and the high-intensity aerobic exercise group (high-intensity group), with six mice in each group. The control group was cage-housed without exercise intervention. While mice in the moderate-intensity group and high-intensity group first received adaptive training according to the established exercise protocol, then completed 8 weeks of aerobic exercise training following different aerobic exercise protocols. After training, skeletal muscle motor function was evaluated via grip strength, exhaustive swimming, and gait analysis. Molecular changes in skeletal muscle fibers were assessed by HE staining, Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR) and Western blot. Results The moderate-intensity group exhibited significantly increased grip strength in both forelimbs and hindlimbs, prolonged swimming endurance, increased walking and swing speeds, shortened swing duration and increased step width after intervention. After intervention, the forelimb and hindlimb grip strength of mice in the high-intensity group was improved, and the swing duration was shortened. However, there were no statistically significant differences in swimming endurance, step length, walking speed and swing speed compared with those before intervention. Compared with the high-intensity group, the forelimb and hindlimb grip strength, swimming endurance, step length and walking speed were significantly improved in the moderate-intensity group. Compared with the control group, the moderate-intensity group showed significant improvements in forelimb and hindlimb grip strength, swimming endurance, walking speed, and swing duration after intervention, and the high-intensity group exhibited improvement only in hindlimb grip strength relative to the control group. Furthermore, after aerobic intervention, the muscle fiber cross-sectional area of mice in the moderate-intensity group was significantly increased with a more uniform and compact arrangement, and the protein and mRNA expression levels of COL Ⅰ, COL Ⅱ and COL Ⅲ were significantly higher than those in the control group and the high-intensity group. Compared with the control group, the mRNA expression levels of COL Ⅰ, COL Ⅱ and COL Ⅲ, as well as the protein expression levels of COL Ⅰ and COL Ⅲ in the high-intensity group were increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise effectively improves limb muscle strength, enhances gait function, promotes the expression of COL Ⅰ, COL Ⅱ, and COL Ⅲ, and ameliorates gastrocnemius morphology in aging mice. High-intensity aerobic exercise is less effective than moderate-intensity exercise in promoting muscle strength and gait function.

Key words: aerobic exercise, aging, sarcopenia, skeletal muscle, collagen fibers, mice

中图分类号:

R 592
R 337

王欣欣, 毛璐熙, 王景信. 中等强度有氧运动通过促进胶原纤维增生改善衰老小鼠骨骼肌功能[J]. 实用老年医学, 2026, 40(9): 893-899.

WANG Xinxin, MAO Luxi, WANG Jingxin. Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise improves skeletal muscle function in aging mice by promoting collagen fiber proliferation[J]. Practical Geriatrics, 2026, 40(9): 893-899.

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