老年人语音情绪识别的性别差异及其与功能失调态度和认知功能的关系

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-9198.2026.07.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的探究认知健康老年人语音情绪识别(APC)的性别差异,及其与功能失调态度、认知功能的关联。方法使用普通话听觉情绪刺激数据库对199名无认知障碍的社区老年人开展7种情绪(高兴、惊喜、悲伤、愤怒、恐惧、厌恶、中性)的APC能力测试,采用功能失调态度量表(Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale,DAS)评估研究对象的功能失调态度,采用MoCA量表评估研究对象的认知功能。运用偏最小二乘回归分析各变量间的关系。结果老年女性APC的准确率更高、反应时间更短,在高兴、恐惧、厌恶情绪识别中优势尤为显著;老年男性更易将消极情绪误判为中性或积极情绪。老年人APC准确率的性别差异与功能失调态度的性别差异有关,APC反应时间的性别差异则与视空间能力的性别差异有关。此外,老年人APC的准确率与视空间功能、语言能力、延迟记忆、注意力、抽象思维和命名维度得分相关。结论老年人APC的准确率和反应时间存在显著性别差异,且APC准确率与认知功能呈正相关;老年男性APC表现较差、消极情绪误判率更高,可能与其功能失调态度水平较低相关。

关键词: 老年人, 语音情绪识别, 性别差异, 功能失调态度, 认知功能

Abstract: Objective To investigate gender differences in affective prosody comprehension (APC) and their associations with dysfunctional attitudes and cognitive function among cognitively healthy older adults. Methods Using the Mandarin Auditory Emotion Stimulus Database, we assessed the APC ability for seven emotions (happiness, surprise, sadness, anger, fear, disgust, and neutral) in 199 community-dwelling older adults without cognitive impairment. Dysfunctional attitudes were evaluated using the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale, and cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale. Partial Least Squares regression was used to analyze the relationships among the variables. Results Older women showed higher accuracy and shorter reaction times in APC, with particularly significant advantages in recognizing happiness, fear, and disgust. Older men were more likely to misclassify negative emotions as neutral or positive emotions. The gender differences in APC accuracy among older adults were associated with the gender differences in dysfunctional attitudes, while the gender differences in APC reaction time were associated with the gender difference in visuospatial ability. Furthermore, APC accuracy in older adults was correlated with scores in visuospatial function, language ability, delayed memory, attention, abstract thinking, and naming dimensions. Conclusions There are significant gender differences in both accuracy and reaction time of APC among older adults, and APC accuracy is positively correlated with cognitive function. Older men exhibit poorer APC performance and a higher rate of misjudgment of negative emotions, which may be related to their lower scores in dysfunctional attitudes.

Key words: aged, affective prosody comprehension, gender difference, dysfunctional attitude, cognitive function

中图分类号:

R 749.4

马池芬, 吴超. 老年人语音情绪识别的性别差异及其与功能失调态度和认知功能的关系[J]. 实用老年医学, 2026, 40(7): 678-685.

MA Chifen, WU Chao. Gender differences in affective prosody comprehension of cognitively healthy older people and its association with dysfunctional attitudes and cognitive function[J]. Practical Geriatrics, 2026, 40(7): 678-685.

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