生物-心理-社会模型视角下的老年躯体复原力影响因素探析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-9198.2026.06.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在全球人口老龄化加剧的背景下,躯体复原力作为个体抵抗功能衰退和促进健康恢复的重要能力,对实现“成功老龄化”具有重要意义。本文基于生物-心理-社会模型,系统分析了老年躯体复原力的影响因素。生物因素方面,年龄相关的生理衰退、遗传易感性、运动习惯与饮食结构等均显著影响生理储备与恢复能力,此外,急慢性疾病作为应激源,直接考验机体的稳态维持与修复潜能。心理因素中,自我效能感与乐观态度可通过促进健康行为与缓解炎症反应增强复原力,而焦虑、抑郁等负面情绪及认知障碍则会通过神经内分泌与免疫机制削弱恢复能力。社会因素涵盖社会支持、居住环境、社区资源以及社会经济地位与文化背景,共同构成影响老年人健康的外部支持系统。本文提出,躯体复原力的提升需整合生物、心理及社会多层次的干预策略,未来应致力于构建个体化、多维度的复原力提升体系,以全面提升老年群体的整体健康水平。

关键词: 老年人, 躯体复原力, 生物-心理-社会模型, 成功老龄化

Abstract: Against the backdrop of intensifying global population aging, physical resilience, which is the essential capacity for individuals to resist functional decline and facilitate health restoration, carries profound significance for achieving successful aging. Based on the biopsychosocial model, this study systematically analyzes the influencing factors of physical resilience in older adults. With regard to biological factors, age-related physiological degeneration, genetic predisposition, exercise habits, and dietary structure significantly modulate physiological reserve and restorative capacity; Acute and chronic diseases, acting as stressors, directly challenge the homeostatic maintenance and reparative potential of the organism. Among psychological determinants, self-efficacy and optimism enhance resilience by promoting health-related behaviors and alleviating inflammatory responses, whereas negative emotions such as anxiety and depression, as well as cognitive impairment, attenuate restorative capacity via neuroendocrine and immunological mechanisms. Social factors encompass social support, living environment, community resources, socioeconomic status, and cultural background, which collectively constitute the external support system influencing health in older adults. We propose that the enhancement of physical resilience necessitates the integration of multi-level intervention strategies spanning biological, psychological, and social domains. Future research should be dedicated to establishing individualized and multi-dimensional frameworks for improving resilience, thereby comprehensively promoting the overall health status of the elderly population.

Key words: aged, physical resilience, biopsychosocial model, successful aging

中图分类号:

R 592

王硕, 王金峰, 李颖. 生物-心理-社会模型视角下的老年躯体复原力影响因素探析[J]. 实用老年医学, 2026, 40(6): 561-565.

WANG Shuo, WANG Jinfeng, LI Ying. Analysis of factors influencing physical resilience in older adults from the perspective of the biopsychosocial model[J]. Practical Geriatrics, 2026, 40(6): 561-565.

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