老年共病患者口腔衰弱现状及影响因素分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-9198.2026.03.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的调查老年共病患者口腔衰弱患病情况,并分析其影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2023年10月至2024年1月在5家医院老年医学科就诊的253例老年共病患者作为调查对象。采用自设问卷收集患者的一般资料,并对其进行老年综合评估。根据口腔衰弱指标筛查-8(Oral Frailty Index-8,OFI-8)、口腔健康评估量表(Oral Health Assessment Tool,OHAT)得分评估老年共病患者口腔衰弱患病情况及口腔健康状态。采用多因素logistic回归分析探讨老年共病患者口腔衰弱的影响因素。结果 253例老年共病患者中74.7%(189/253)存在口腔衰弱。与无口腔衰弱组相比,口腔衰弱组共病老年人年龄更大,剩余牙齿数量少,OHAT得分及使用义齿、衰弱、营养不良、认知障碍、日常生活活动依赖者占比更高(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,使用义齿(OR=6.396,95%CI:2.827～14.467,P<0.001)、OHAT评分高(OR=1.632,95%CI:1.329～2.005,P<0.001)、衰弱(OR=3.255,95%CI:1.271～8.335,P=0.014)是老年共病患者口腔衰弱的危险因素。结论老年共病患者口腔衰弱发生率高,其与义齿使用、OHAT评分高及衰弱状态相关,临床应加强精准干预以延缓口腔衰弱的进展。

关键词: 老年人, 共病, 住院病人, 口腔衰弱, 危险因素

Abstract: Objective To analyze the oral frailty prevalence and its influencing factors in hospitalized elderly patients with comorbidities. Methods A total of 253 elderly patients with comorbidities who were hospitalized in Department of Geriatric of five hospitals from October 2023 to January 2024 were enrolled in this study. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect demographic data and perform comprehensive geriatric assessments. Oral frailty and oral health status were assessed by Oral Frailty Index-8(OFI-8) and Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors for oral frailty in elderly patients with comorbidities. Results A total of 253 cases were enrolled, and 74.7% (189/253) presented with oral frailty. Compared with non-oral frailty group,oral frailty group had older average age,lower number of remaining teeth, higher OHAT score, higher prevalence of using dentures, frailty, malnutrition, cognitively impaired, dependence in daily living (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed denture use (OR=6.396, 95% CI:2.827-14.467, P<0.001), high OHAT score (OR=1.632, 95% CI:1.329-2.005, P<0.001), and frailty (OR=3.255, 95% CI:1.271-8.335, P=0.014) were risk factors for oral frailty in elderly patients with comorbidities. Conclusions Older patients with multiple comorbidities have a high incidence of oral frailty, which is associated with denture use, high OHAT scores, and frailty status. Precise clinical interventions should be enhanced to slow the progression of oral frailty.

Key words: aged, comorbiditiy, inpatients, oral frailty, risk factors

中图分类号:

R 787

赵霞, 王东旭, 赖小星, 霍晓鹏. 老年共病患者口腔衰弱现状及影响因素分析[J]. 实用老年医学, 2026, 40(3): 267-271.

ZHAO Xia, WANG Dongxu, LAI Xiaoxing, HUO Xiaopeng. Analysis of oral frailty prevalence and its influencing factors in hospitalized elderly patients with comorbidities[J]. Practical Geriatrics, 2026, 40(3): 267-271.

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