健康生态学视角下中国老年人日常活动能力现状及影响因素研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-9198.2025.09.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的探索我国老年人的日常活动能力(ADL)现状以及影响因素,为制定老年人健康促进措施提供理论支持。方法使用2018年中国老年社会追踪调查(CLASS)数据,纳入有效样本6283例,使用一般资料调查表、虐待量表、基础性日常生活活动能力评估量表(BADL)、社会支持和社会网络量表(SSRS)、流调用抑郁自评量表(CES-D)、MMSE、社会参与量表进行分析评估。采用logistic回归分析老年人ADL的影响因素。结果老年人失能者471例(7.5%),多因素logistic回归分析显示:年龄、慢性病情况、自评健康状况、吸烟、独居、年收入、认知能力、身体虐待是老年人ADL的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论我国老年人ADL水平较好,高龄、独居、较低水平的年收入、多病、吸烟、认知能力衰退、较差的自评健康状况、身体虐待经历对老年人ADL有显著影响。

关键词: 老年人, 日常活动能力, 健康生态学模型, 中国老年社会追踪调查

Abstract: Objective To explore the current status and influencing factors of activity of daily living (ADL) in the elderly people aged ≥60 years in China, and to provide the oretical support for the development of health promotion measures for the elderly. Methods The data of 2018 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS) were used, including 6283 valid samples. General information questionnaire, Abuse Scale, Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADL), Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale(CES-D), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Social Participation Scale were evaluated. Logistic regression was used to explore the influencing factors for ADL. Results A total of 471(7.5%) older adults were disabled. Logistic regression analysis showed that age, chronic diseases, self-rated health status, smoking, living alone, annual income, cognitive function, physical abuse were the influencing factors for ADL in older adults (P<0.05). Conclusions The ADL level of elderly people in China is relatively high. Old age, living alone, low annual income, multiple illnesses, smoking, cognitive decline, poor self-rated health status, and experiences of physical abuse show significant effects on ADL.

Key words: aged, activity of daily living, health ecology model, China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey

中图分类号:

R 473.59

吕文君, 康静, 莫非. 健康生态学视角下中国老年人日常活动能力现状及影响因素研究[J]. 实用老年医学, 2025, 39(9): 915-919.

LYU Wenjun, KANG Jing, MO Fei. Study on the current status and influencing factors of activity of daily living in Chinese elderly people from the perspective of health ecology[J]. Practical Geriatrics, 2025, 39(9): 915-919.

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