关键词: 缺血性卒中, 干细胞移植, 类器官移植, 神经环路重建, 临床转化

Abstract: Persistent motor, sensory and higher neurological deficits after ischemic stroke are important causes of long-term disability in patients. Developing repair strategies beyond acute reperfusion therapy has become an important issue in neurorestoration research. Stem cell transplantation, which has the potential to regulate the post-injury microenvironment, provide neurotrophic support, promote vascular remodeling and to some extent replace cells, has become one of the important directions in the study of functional reconstruction after stroke. This article reviews the relevant research in recent years, focusing on single-cell transplantation, brain organoid transplantation, molecular and circuit mechanisms, and clinical translation progress. Existing evidence shows that mesenchymal stem cells mainly improve the repair environment through paracrine, immunomodulatory and pro-angiogenic effects; neural stem/progenitor cells and pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons may have more direct structural repair advantages in neuronal replacement, remyelination and specific circuit integration; brain organoid transplantation provides new experimental evidence for tissue-level reconstruction of large cortical defects. At the same time, studies on CXCL12-CXCR4, IGF-1-PI3K/AKT-Hippo/YAP, exosome-mediated signaling and graft-host molecular interactions are providing experimental evidence for mechanism-oriented regenerative intervention. Stem cell transplantation provides important regenerative medicine ideas for functional recovery after ischemic stroke, but the applicable scenarios of different cell types, the best delivery strategies, long-term safety and clinical effectiveness still need to be further clarified by high-quality, standardized research.

Key words: ischemic stroke, stem cell transplantation, organoid transplantation, neural circuit reconstruction, clinical translation