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血管性认知障碍发病机制及诊治研究进展

  

  1. 南京医科大学第二附属医院神经内科
  • 出版日期:2025-08-27 发布日期:2025-08-27

Research progress on pathogenesis diagnosis and treatment of vascular cognitive impairment

  1. Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
  • Online:2025-08-27 Published:2025-08-27

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摘要： 血管性认知障碍(VCI)是继阿尔茨海默病之后第二常见的认知障碍性疾病。随着人口老龄化进程加快，VCI的发病率不断上升，已成为重要的公共卫生问题。本文综述了VCI发病机制的最新研究进展，重点讨论了脑血管病变、神经血管单元功能紊乱、氧化应激和神经炎症等多重病理过程。同时介绍了VCI的诊断方法，主要包括临床症状评估、神经心理学测试和影像学检查。血管性认知障碍分类共识研究（VICCCS）标准提供了规范化的诊断框架。文章还探讨了药物治疗、非药物干预的研究进展，结合最新证据，提出了VCI的诊疗思路。

关键词: 血管性认知障碍, 脑血管病变, 神经血管单元, 治疗策略, 发病机制

Abstract:

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is the second most common cognitive disorder after Alzheimer's disease. With the acceleration of population aging, the incidence of VCI continues to rise, becoming a significant public health concern. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding VCI pathogenesis, focusing on multiple pathological processes including cerebrovascular lesions, neurovascular unit dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. The diagnostic methods of VCI are also introduced, which mainly include clinical symptom assessment, neuropsychological testing, and imaging examinations. The VICCCS standard provides a standardized diagnostic framework. This article also discusses the research progress of drug therapy and non-drug intervention, and puts forward the diagnosis and treatment ideas of VCI based on the latest evidence.

Key words: vascular cognitive impairment, cerebrovascular lesions, neurovascular unit, treatment strategies, pathogenesis