老年人精神类药物使用原则

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-9198.2026.08.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着全球人口老龄化加剧,老年人精神障碍相关疾病的负担不断增加,精神类药物在该人群中的应用日益增加。老年患者由于存在生理功能的改变、共病与多重用药等,对精神类药物不良反应更为敏感,临床用药也面临更高的安全性和个体化管理要求。本文综述了抗精神病药、抗抑郁药及镇静催眠药在老年患者中的临床应用、主要风险及用药注意事项,旨在为老年人个体化使用精神类药物提供参考依据,从而整体提升老年精神障碍患者的生活质量。

关键词: 老年人, 抗精神病药, 抗抑郁药, 镇静催眠药, 药物治疗

Abstract: With the accelerating global population aging, the burden of mental disorders among the elderly continues to rise, leading to an increasing use of psychotropic medications in this demographic. Elderly patients exhibit heightened sensitivity to adverse effects of psychotropic medications due to alterations in physiological functions, comorbidities, and the prevalence of polypharmacy, necessitating stricter safety protocols and individualized management approaches in clinical practice. This article reviews the clinical applications, major risks, and medication precautions of antipsychotics, antidepressants, and sedative-hypnotics in elderly patients, aiming to provide a reference for the individualized use of psychiatric medications in this population and thereby comprehensively improve the quality of life of elderly patients with mental disorders.

Key words: aged, antipsychotics, antidepressants, sedative-hypnotics, pharmacotherapy

中图分类号:

R 971.3

袁宇承, 陈刚. 老年人精神类药物使用原则[J]. 实用老年医学, 2026, 40(8): 759-763.

YUAN Yucheng, CHEN Gang. Principles of psychotropic medication use in elderly[J]. Practical Geriatrics, 2026, 40(8): 759-763.

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