老年便秘诊治进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-9198.2026.01.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 便秘在老年人群中属于高发胃肠道功能障碍性疾病,随着年龄增长,其发病率逐渐上升,显著影响生活质量且易诱发多种并发症。本文针对老年便秘的病因特点、病理生理基础及诊疗进展进行综述。该病病因涵盖多重因素,涉及膳食构成、身体活动不足、药物不良反应、并存慢性病以及肠道功能退化等。诊断应依据罗马Ⅳ标准实施,排除器质性病变,着重分析病史、生理功能检查及伴随症状。个体化综合管理是治疗核心,涵盖生活模式优化、药物疗法以及外科手术治疗等针对性处理。益生菌、粪菌移植和中医药的应用也显现出潜在价值。未来研究有待深入探究老年便秘特异的发病机制并优化临床干预策略。

关键词: 老年人, 便秘, 诊疗

Abstract: Constipation is a highly prevalent gastrointestinal functional disorder among the aging population. Its incidence increases with age, significantly impairing quality of life and predisposing patients to multiple complications. This review focuses on the etiological features, pathophysiological mechanisms, and recent advances in the diagnosis and management of constipation in the elderly. The causes are multifactorial, including inadequate dietary fiber intake, reduced physical activity, adverse drug effects, comorbid chronic conditions, and age-related decline in bowel function. Diagnosis should be based on the Rome Ⅳ criteria, aiming to exclude organic pathologies through comprehensive medical history collection, physiological function assessment, and evaluation of accompanying symptoms. Individualized and integrated management is essential, encompassing lifestyle modifications, pharmacological treatments, and surgical interventions when appropriate. Promising emerging options include probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and traditional Chinese medicine. Future studies should further explore the distinct mechanisms underlying constipation in the elderly and optimize clinical strategies for intervention.

Key words: aged, constipation, diagnosis and treatment

中图分类号:

R 574.62

李彦霖, 孙金兵. 老年便秘诊治进展[J]. 实用老年医学, 2026, 40(1): 11-15.

LI Yanlin, SUN Jinbing. Progress in diagnosis and treatment of constipation in the elderly[J]. Practical Geriatrics, 2026, 40(1): 11-15.

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