老年躯体疾病伴发谵妄的诊疗进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-9198.2026.08.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着人口老龄化持续推进,老年躯体疾病患者中谵妄发病率显著升高,且具有漏诊率高、预后不良、病死率高、易加速认知衰退等临床特点。当前,谵妄的研究仍存在早期识别困难、评估不规范、干预策略不统一等诸多局限。近年来,临床分型、风险预测、神经影像学等评估手段及综合防治手段持续的进展,为老年躯体疾病伴发谵妄的精准诊疗提供了新方向。本文系统梳理了老年躯体疾病伴发谵妄的临床特征及分型、危险因素、评估技术、干预策略与管理方案的研究进展,总结了当前诊疗难点与发展方向,以期为优化老年谵妄规范化诊疗体系提供理论依据。

关键词: 老年人, 躯体疾病, 谵妄, 危险因素, 评估, 干预

Abstract: With the ongoing advancement of population aging, the incidence of delirium has significantly increased among elderly patients with somatic diseases. This condition is characterized by high rates of missed diagnosis, poor prognosis, elevated mortality, and a tendency to accelerate cognitive decline. Currently, numerous limitations persist in the study of delirium, including challenges in early identification, nonstandardized assessment methods, and inconsistent intervention strategies. In recent years, continuous advancements in clinical classification, risk prediction, neuroimaging assessment methods, and comprehensive prevention and treatment approaches have provided new directions for the precise diagnosis and management of delirium associated with somatic diseases in elderly patients. This article systematically reviews the research progress regarding its clinical characteristics and classification, risk factors, assessment techniques, intervention strategies, and management protocols, summarizes current diagnostic and therapeutic challenges as well as future development directions, and to provide a theoretical foundation for optimizing the standardized diagnosis and treatment framework for geriatric delirium.

Key words: aged, somatic diseases, delirium, risk factors, assessment, intervention

中图分类号:

R 749.2

王兰兰, 季蕴辛. 老年躯体疾病伴发谵妄的诊疗进展[J]. 实用老年医学, 2026, 40(8): 770-774.

WANG Lanlan, JI Yunxin. Diagnosis and treatment progress of delirium in elderly patients with somatic diseases[J]. Practical Geriatrics, 2026, 40(8): 770-774.

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